Industrial Organisational Psychologist Assignment & Homework Help Online
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Industrial and organizational psychology is also called as IO-Psychology. It applies psychology to organizations and workplaces. Industrial and organizational psychologists contribute to an organization. IO-Psychologist researches and identifies how behaviors and attitudes can be improved through hiring practices, training programs and feedback systems.
Common research and practice areas for I-O psychologists include:
- Job performance
- Job analysis
- Personnel recruitment and selection
- Performance appraisal/management
- Individual assessment (knowledge, skills, and ability testing, personality assessment, work sample tests, assessment centers
- Psychometrics
- Compensation
- Training and training evaluation
- Employment law
- Work motivation
- Job attitudes (e.g., job satisfaction, commitment, organizational citizenship, and retaliation)
- Occupational health and safety
- Work/life balance
- Human factors and decision making
- Organizational culture/climate
- Organizational surveys
- Leadership and executive coaching
- Ethics
- Diversity
- Job design
- Human resources
- Organizational development (OD)
- Organizational research methods
- Technology in the workplace
- Group/team performance
I-O psychologists are trained in the scientist-practitioner model. I-O psychologists rely on a variety of methods to conduct organizational research. Study designs employed by I-O psychologists include surveys, experiments, quasi-experiments, and observational studies. I-O psychologists rely on diverse data sources including human judgments, historical databases, objective measures of work performance (e.g., sales volume), and questionnaires and surveys.
Qualitative methods employed in I-O psychology include content analysis, focus groups, interviews, case studies, and several other observational techniques. I-O research on organizational culture research has employed ethnographic techniques and participant observation to collect data. One well-known qualitative technique employed in I-O psychology is John Flanagan’s critical incident technique, which requires “qualified observers” (e.g., pilots in studies of aviation, construction workers in studies of construction projects) to describe a work situation that resulted in a good or bad outcome. Objectivity is ensured when multiple observers identify the same incidents. The observers are also asked to provide information about what the actor in the situation could have done differently to influence the outcome. This technique is then used to describe the critical elements of performance in certain jobs and how worker behavior relates to outcomes. Most notably, this technique has been employed to improve performance among aircraft crews and surgical teams, literally saving thousands of lives since its introduction. An application of the technique in research on coping with job stress comes from O’Driscoll and Cooper.
I-O psychologists sometimes use quantitative and qualitative methods in concert. For example, when constructing behaviorally anchored rating scales (BARS), a job analyst may use qualitative methods, such as critical incidents interviews and focus groups to collect data bearing on performance. Then the analyst would have SMEs rate those examples on a Likert scale and compute inter-rater agreement statistics to judge the adequacy of each item. Each potential item would additionally be correlated with an external criterion in order to evaluate its usefulness if it were to be selected to be included in BARS metric.
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