Statistics – Probability
Statistics - Probability Probabilities express the chance of events that cannot be predicted with certainty. Even unlikely events sometimes occur. The probability of an event is viewed as a numerical measure of the chance that the event will occur. The idea is naturally relevant to situations where the outcome of an experiment or observation exhibits variation. The term experiment is limited to studies conducted in a laboratory. Rather, it is used in a broad sense to include any operation of data collection or observation where the outcomes are subject to variation. Rolling a die, drawing a card from a shuffled…
Read MoreFinance – Bond Valuation
Finance – Bond Valuation The objective of finance management is to maximize the value of the firm. Hence, managers must know how stocks and bonds are valued. Knowing how to value securities (bonds and stock) is an important task for investors as it is for managers. Current and prospective investors must understand how to value bonds and stocks. Such knowledge is helpful to them in deciding whether they should buy or hold or sell securities at the prices prevailing in the market. The basic discounted cash flow valuation model and its application to bonds and stocks is divided into: Distinction…
Read MoreFinance – Stock Valuation
Finance – Stock Valuation Stock valuation is one of the important studies in Finance. It is the study of the various methods in which the stocks of the companies are calculated. The reason behind the calculation or valuation of stock is to predict the value of the stock in the future. There are many ways in which the stocks of a company are calculated. The motive behind the calculation of the value of the stock is to identify which stocks are overvalued and which stocks are undervalued. For taking buying and selling decisions such as when to buy stock or…
Read MoreFinance – Derivatives
Finance – Derivatives A derivative contract is a contractual agreement to execute an exchange at some future date. The term “derivative” arises from the fact that the agreement “derives” its value from the price of an underlying asset such as stock, bond, currency or commodity. A stock index futures derives its value from an underlying exchange rate and so on. The key feature of the transaction specified in a derivative contract is that it will be executed in the future rather than today. One can easily become overwhelmed by the apparently countless types of derivative contracts traded in the market…
Read MoreManagement Accounting Tactical Decision Making
Tactical decision making consists of choosing among alternatives with an immediate or limited end in view. Accepting a special order for less than the normal selling price to utilize idle capacity and increase the year’s profits is an example. Thus, some tactical decisions tend to be short-run in nature. However, it should be emphasized that short-run decisions often have long-run consequences. Considering a second example, suppose that a company is considering producing a component instead of buying it from suppliers. The immediate objective may be to lower the cost of making the main product. Yet, this tactical decision may be…
Read MoreHuman Resources Management- the new role of Human Resources
Human Resources Management- the new role of Human Resources A human resource department must be responsive to both internal organizational changes and external changes in the industry or market place. In an effort to build and maintain a fast, agile company, the department must also be prepared to shift gears at a moment’s notice. By participating with line managers, the human resources department can also help develop policies and procedures that support the company’s business objectives. The strategic transformation of an organization begins with the transformation of the human resources department and its role within the organization. Today’s human resources…
Read MoreHuman Resources Time Management
Human Resources Time Management Time management is considered as one of the most important skills in business. It is essentially about spending the hours and minutes in a day as effectively as possible. Like many areas of business life, good time management is a combination of common sense, with some basic techniques and gaining experience over time in developing good working habits. One question that people often ask is, “why time management should be known”? The answer is very simple. As organizations pay employees money for their time, each unit of time costs money. So, employees hold the responsibility of…
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