Understanding Electrical Networks in Electrical Engineering
Understanding Electrical Networks in Electrical Engineering Electrical circuits may consist of one or more sources of energy and number of electrical parameters, connected in different ways. The different electrical parameters or elements are resistors, capacitors and inductors. The combination of such elements along with various sources of energy gives rise to complicated electrical circuits, generally referred to as electrical networks. The terms circuit and network are used synonymously in the electrical literature. The dc circuits consist of only resistances and dc sources of energy. And the circuit analysis means to find a current through or voltage across any branch of…
Read MoreUnderstanding Circuit Laws and Circuit Analysis in Electrical Engineering
Understanding Circuit Laws and Circuit Analysis in Electrical Engineering Circuit laws Two important laws are based on the physical properties of electric charges and these laws form the foundation of circuit analysis. They are Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law. While Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) is based on the principle of conservation of electric charge, Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) is based on the principle of energy conservation. Kirchhoff’s Current Law At any instant, the algebraic sum of the currents i entering a node in a circuit is equal to zero. The application of KCL at node C yields the…
Read MoreUnderstanding Electric Charge in Electrical Engineering
Electric Charge The International System Unit of charge: C (Coulomb) Electricity is based upon the existence of electric charges, which are positive and negative. A force exists between electric charges, which is described by Coulomb’s law. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other. From the physical point of view, every charge is a multiple of the elementary charge e. Elementary charge e ±1.602 × 10-19 Coulomb Electrons carry a negative charge and Protons carry a positive charge. A lack of electrons in a body means the body is positively charged. Similarly, an excess of electrons…
Read MoreBonus Shares Vs Stock Splits In Financial Management
Bonus Shares Vs Stock Splits Bonus Shares are those shares which are issued to shareholders’ by a healthy company without any cost. These Bonus Shares are issued in proportion to the existing shares a shareholder has as a result of capitalization of reserves. Bonus Shares Versus Stock Splits In the wake of a Bonus Issue: In this case the Shareholders’ proportional ownership remains unchanged. The book value per share, the earnings per share and the market price per share decrease but the number of shares increased. Here is an illustration given on The Effects of Bonus Shares on the Equity…
Read MoreBernoulli’s Theorem in Chemical Engineering
Bernoulli’s Theorem in fluid dynamics is one of the important discoveries. The relation among pressure, velocity, and elevation in a moving fluid, the compressibility and viscosity of which are negligible and the flow of which is steady or laminar. The Theorem was first derived in 1738 by Swiss mathematician Daniel Bernoulli. The theorem states that, in effect, that the total mechanical energy of the flowing fluid, comprising the energy associated with fluid pressure, the gravitational potential energy of elevation and the kinetic energy of fluid motion, remains constant. Bernoulli’s theorem is the principle of energy conservation for ideal fluids in…
Read MoreUnderstanding Heat Transfer in Chemical Engineering
Chemical Engineering Heat Transfer The field of heat transfer explores the rate at which heat flows from a region of high temperature to one of low temperature. Heat flow occurs as molecules transfer their thermal energy, in the form of molecular motion, to nearby lower energy molecules or by fast moving molecules moving to another region of the system. The mechanisms of heat transfer can be categorized as occurring by convection, conduction, or radioactive processes. Convection occurs in a liquid or gas as high energy, fast moving molecules create an area of low density media that rises relative to the…
Read MoreDistillation in Chemical Engineering
Distillation is the process of separation of volatile liquid from non-volatile substance or more frequently, the separation of two or more liquids in different volatility. If only one component of a mixture is volatile, there is no difficulty in obtaining it in a pure state by distillation and in many cases the constituents of a mixture of two or more volatile liquids may be separated – though frequently at much cost of time and materials. Quantitative Analysis by Distillation: The determination by ordinary analytical methods of the relative quantities of two or more organic compounds in a mixture is often…
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